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¡u¦b¦è¬vªÀ·|ùØ¡A°ê®aªÀ·|³oÓ¹ÎÅé¬O¤@Ó©úÅ㪺¤]¬O°ß¤@¯S¥Xªº¸s¤v¬É½u¡C¦b°ê®aùذµ¤H¥ÁªºµL©Ò°k©ó³o¹ÎÅ餧¥~¡A..... ¦b§Ú̶DzÎùظsªº·¥¬O¼Ò½k¤£²Mªº'¤Ñ¤U'..... ¬É½u±q¨Ó´N¬O¤£²M¤£·¡ªº¡A..... ©Ò¥H¥i¥H覑¤âªº¡A¨ãÅ骺¥u¦³¤v .....¡v¡]¶O§µ³q 1986:28¡^
¦è¤èªÀ·|¤¤¹ÎÅé»PÓ¤H¤§Ãö«Y¬O²M´·ªº¡A³o¤×¨ä¤Ï¬M¦b°ê®a³o¹ÎÅé»PÓ¤HªºÃö«Y¤W¡C¦Ó¤¤°ê¶Ç²ÎªÀ·|¤¤¹ÎÅé»PÓ¤HªºÃö«Y±q¨Ó³£¬O§t½k¤£²Mªº¡A°ê®a¬O¬Ó«Òªº®a±Úªº©µ¦ù¡A¦]¦¹¤£¦s¦b¦è¤è©Ò¿×ªºÓ¤H±q¹ÎÅ餤¸Ñ©ñªº°ÝÃD¡A¤Õ¤l©ÒºÙ¹Dªº¡u§J¤v¡v¬O°ß¤@ªºªÀ·|¹D¼w¡C¡]¶O§µ³q 1986:28¡^ ¦b½g¥½ªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¤¤n¥[¤J¥H¤U¤@¶µ¡G ¶O§µ³q¡C¡]1986¡^¡C¡m¶m¤g¤¤°ê¡n¡C »´ä¡G¤TÁp¡C ¡]¤G¡^ ɥΥL¤HÆ[ÂI °£¤F¤Wz±¡ªp¥~¡AɥΥL¤HÆ[ÂI¦Ó¤£¥[µùÄÀ¥çºâ§Ûŧ¡A²{Á|¨Ò»¡©ú¦p¤U¡G
¡u¥Ñ©ó°¨§J«ä¹ï¶Ç²Î©v±Ðªº²`´cµhµ´¡A¨Ï«á¤H»~·|¥L¬O¤@¦ìµL¯«½×ªÌ¡A©Î©v±Ðªº«q°fªÌ¡B²§ºÝ¨¸»¡ªÌ¡C¥i¬O¥Lªº¾Ç»¡¤¤«o³zÅS±j¯Pªº©v±Ð·N¨ý¡C°¨§J«äªºµL¯«½×¥u¬O¦è¤è¶Ç²Î©v±Ð¶W¶V²{¥@¯«¬£ªº§_»{¡A¨Ã¤£§_»{³Ì°ª¡]¦Ü¤W¡^¨Æª« (supreme being) ªº¦s¦b ..... ¹ï¯«ªº§_»{¡A¥¿¬O¹ï¤Hªº½T»{¡A¤H¬O¦t©z¶¡¦Ü°ªµL¤Wªº¨Æª«¡A¬O¤H¸s³Ì»ÝÃöÃhªº¹ï¶H¡C¡v¡]¬xÁ¾¼w 1983:99-100¡^
°¨§J«ä¥D¸q¦®¦b³z¹L²©R¹FP¤HÃþ¸Ñ©ñªº¥Øªº¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¤HÃþ¦b°¨§J«ä¥D¸q¤¤µLºÃ¬O¦û³Ì°ªªº¦ì¸m¡C¦]¦¹°¨§J«ä¥D¸q¤£¦ý¤£¬OµL¯«½×¡A§ó¬O¥Rº¡©v±Ð©Êªº¤@®M²©R²z½×¡A¥u¬O²{¦b¤HÃþ¨ú¥N¤F¯«ªº¦a¦ì¡C °¨§J«ä¥D¸q¦®¦b³z¹L²©R¹FP¤HÃþ¸Ñ©ñªº¥Øªº¡C¥¿¦p¬xÁ¾¼w«ü¥X¡A¤HÃþ¦b°¨§J«ä¥D¸q¤¤µLºÃ¬O¦û³Ì°ªªº¦ì¸m¡C¦]¦¹°¨§J«ä¥D¸q¤£¦ý¤£¬OµL¯«½×¡A§ó¬O¥Rº¡©v±Ð©Êªº¤@®M²©R²z½×¡A¥u¬O²{¦b¤HÃþ¨ú¥N¤F¯«ªº¦a¦ì¡C¡]1983:
99-100¡^ ¡]¤T¡^ ¤Þz¨Æ¹ê©Î¬ã¨s¦¨ªG
"58 agreements guaranteeing paid holidays had been signed by the unions in Britain in 1920. By mid-20's there were 16-17 percent of the labour-force who receive paid holidays" (Urry 1990:27)..
"In countries where the religiously orthodox differ from modernists in their economic beliefs, the orthodox are far more likely to be to the left of modernists than to be right" (Davis and Robinson 1999:1653). ì¤å¸ü©ó¡m¬ü°êªÀ·|¾Ç´Á¥Z¡n¡A¡]American Journal of Sociology¡^¡A 1999¦~¡A²Ä104 ¨÷¡A²Ä6¸¹¡A1631-65¶¡A¦b°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¤¤¥i±Ä¥Î¥H¤U§Î¦¡¦C¥X¡G Davis, Nancy J. and Robert Robinson. (1999). "Their Brothers' Keepers? Orthodox, Religionists, Modernists, and Economic Justice in Europe" American Journal of Sociology 104(6):1631-65.
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i) The 1976-77 review concluded that triad societies ..... had degenerated from strictly controlled and politically motivated organizations to loose-knit gangs of criminals (South China Morning Post. 1984. 12.3). (quoted from Ng 1991:23) ii) ³\¦h¬Fªvµû½×»{¬°¤E¥|¦~°Ïij·|¿ïÁ|¬O»´ä¬FÄÒ¬Fªvµo®iªº²Ä¤@¦¸±Á{¦ÒÅç¡C ¡]¡m§Ö³ø¡n¡C 1994.8.1¡F¡m¸gÀÙ¤é³ø¡n¡C1994.8.2¡F1994.8.4¡^ (¤Þ¦Û®]¦P¤å¤Î¤ý®a^1995:2¡^ ¦b½g¥½°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¶·¥[¤W¥H¤W©Ò¤Þ³ø³¹¡]¥i³s¦P¨ä¼ÐÃD¡^¡A®æ¦¡¦p¤U¡G i) South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. (quoted from Ng 1991:32)
«nÁú¤j¥ø·~ªºµo®i¸êª÷¡A«Ü¤j³¡¤À¨Ó¦Û¤½À糡ªùªº¿Ä¸ê¾÷ºc¡A¡u©x°Ó¦X§@¡v©M¡u©x·þ°Ó¿ì¡vªº±¡ªp¬Æ¬°´¶¹M¡C (Clifford 1988:58-60). ¡]¤Þ¦Û¾G¦tºÓ¤Î¹pÄvæ¢ 1995:21¡^
Clifford, Mark. (1988). "Filling for Divorce" and "Playing the Game" Far Eastern Economic Review. 140(16):58-60. ¡]¦P¤W¡^
i) ®Ú¾Ú¬F©²²Îp³Bªº¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡Aªñ¤TÓ°]¬F¦~«×ªº·s¥Ó½ÐӮ׳v¦~¼W¥[¡A±q¤@¤E¤E¥|¦Ü¤E¤¦~«×ªº 49906 ©v¡A¤@¤E¤E¤¦Ü¤E¤»¦~ªº 63154
©v¡A¼W¥[¦Ü¤@¤E¤E¤»¦Ü¤E¤C¦~«×ªº 76350 ©v¡C(Census and Statistics Department, 1997) ¡]¤Þ¦Û§õÖöÂ@ 1997:22¡^ ii) ¦]¦¹¡A§Ṳ́@©wn¨c¨c°O¦í¤C¤ë¤@¤é¡A³oÓ²øÄY®É¨èªº¥þ³¡·N¸q¡A¬°§Ú̦ۤv¡A¤]¬°§Ú̪º«á¥N¡A«Ø³]¤@Ó¤å©ú¡B´I±f¡B¦w©w¡B¥Á¥D¡A¥Rº¡·s¥Í©R¤Oªº»´ä¡C¡]»´ä¯S§O¦æ¬F°Ï¬F©²
1997:1¡^ ¡]¦P¤W®Ñ¡Ap.31¡^ iii) §Ú¬Û«H¡A¤j®a¥¿´Á«Ý§Ú¥ý±q§Ú̳ÌÃö¤ßªº¸gÀÙ°ÝÃD¡B±Ð¨|°ÝÃD¡A¥H¤Î©Ð«Î©M¦Ñ¦~¤HºÖ§Qµ¥¥Á¥Í°ÝÃD¡AÁ¿z»´äªº¥¼¨Óµo®i¡C¡]¸³«ØµØ¡A1997:3¡^ ¡]¦P¤W®Ñ¡Ap.30¡^ °Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Øªº®æ¦¡¬°¡G Census and Statistics Department (1997). Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics: Hong Kong: Government Printer. »´ä¯S§O¦æ¬F°Ï¬F©²¡C(1997)¡C¡m¦@³Ð»´ä·s¬ö¤¸¡n¡]¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê»´ä¯S§O¦æ¬F°ÏÁ{®É¥ßªk·|®u¤W¦æ¬Fªø©x¸³«ØµØ¬I¬F³ø§i¡A¤@¤E¤E¤C¦~¤Q¤ë¤K¤é¡^¡C»´ä¡G¬F©²¦L°È§½¡C ¸³«ØµØ (1997) ¡C¡m°l¨D¨ô¶V¡B¦@¨ÉÁcºa ¢w ¤¤µØ¤H¥Á¦@©M°ê»´ä¯S§O¦æ¬F°Ï¦¨¥ß¼y¨å¦æ¬Fªø©x¸³«ØµØºt»¡¥þ¤å¡n¡C»´ä¡G¬F©²¦L°È§½¡C ¡]¦P¤W®Ñ¡Ap.37, 40¡^
i) ¦b»´ä«C¦~¨ó·|ªº¤@Ó½Õ¬d¤¤¡A¥§¡¥|¤À¤§¤@³Q³XªÌ¹ï¥Ø«e¬Fªv³B¹Ò¨S¦³¤°»ò·Pı¡C¡]»´ä«C¦~¨ó·| 1993¡^ ¡]¤Þ¦ÛÃÓ¤ÖÁ¨µ¥ 1996:2, 4¡^ °Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¡G »´ä«C¦~¨ó·|¡C¡]1993¡^¡C¡m«C¤Ö¦~½Õ¬d¨t¦C¡]¤T¡^¡G¤¤^ª§©í¤Uªº«C¦~¤ßºA¡n¡C»´ä¡G»´ä¤j¾ÇªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¡C ¡]¦P¤W®Ñ¡Ap.36¡^
i) ·í¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¬O¬Y²Õ´ªº³ø§i®É¡G
Source: GATT (1994). ¡]¤Þ¦Û Castells 1996:84¡^
Source: Kuleshov (1994). ¡]¤Þ¦Û Castells 1996:138¡^
Sources: SOPEMI/OECD; elaborated by Stalker (1994). ¡]¤Þ¦Û Castells 1996:233¡^
¶O§µ³q¡C¡]1986¡^¡C¡m¶m¤g¤¤°ê¡n¡C»´ä¡G¤TÁp¡C ¬xÅI¼w¡C¡]1983¡^¡C¡m°¨§J«ä»PªÀ·|¾Ç¡n¡C¥x¥_¡G»·´º¡C ®]¦P¤å¤Î¤ý®a^¡C(1995¡^¡C¡m¬Fºõ»P¿ïÁ|¡G¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~»´ä°Ïij·|¿ïÁ|ªº°jÂk¤ÀªR¡n¡D »´ä¡G¾Ç³N½×¤å²Ä46 ¸¹¡A»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç»´ä¨È¤Ó¬ã¨s©Ò¡C ¾G¦tºÓ¤Î¹pÄv梡C¡]1995¡^¡C¡m»´ä¬Fªv»P¿ïÁ|¡n¡C»´ä¡G¤û¬z¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡C §õÖöÂ@¡C(1997)¡C¡mªñ¦~»´äªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¬Fµ¦ªºµo®i¡G¥H´^©w±dªº¬I¬F¬°®×¨Ò¡n¡C»´ä¡G¾Ç³N½×¤å²Ä 70 ¸¹¡A»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç»´ä¨È¤Ó¬ã¨s©Ò¡C ÃÓ¤ÖÁ¨¡A¾¤¦w°ê¤Î°¨²Q»ö ¡C¡]1996¡^¡C¡m¿ïÁ|¦æ¬°»P·NÃѪº©Ê§O®t²§¡G¥H¨F¥Ð°Ï«C¤Ö¦~¬°¨Ò¡n¡C¡D»´ä¡G¾Ç³N½×¤å²Ä49 ¸¹¡A»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç»´ä¨È¤Ó¬ã¨s©Ò¡C ¡m»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¥»¬ì¥Í¤â¥U¡n1999-20¡C»´ä¡G»´ä¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¡C Bibliography ¡]English Titles¡^ Davis, Nancy J. and Robert Robinson. (1999). "Their Brothers' Keepers? Orthodox Religionists, Modernists, and Economic Justice in Europe" American Journal of Sociology 104(6):1631-65. Castells, Manuel. (1996). The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell publishers. Ng-Quinn, Michael. (1991). Bureaucratic Response to Political change:
Theoretical use of the Typical Case of the Hong Kong Police. Hong Kong:
occasional paper no.2. Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese
University of Hong Kong. |